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The evolution of the three-state theory of the Han Dynasty—from Dong Zhongshu to He Xiu
Author: Gao Ruijie (speaker of Shanghai Teachers and Faculty of Philosophy and Law and Politics)
Source: “Analysis of Philosophy”, 2021 No. 3
Abstract:Dong Zhongshu, the Han Confucian Confucian, created the Three Symbols, saying that when the sage king gave the order to respond to the sky, he must follow the three red sects, and actually revolve the symbolic meaning and the transformation of the quality of the gift; he also included the “Year” in the three Symbols, and used “Year” as the new king, and preserved the Shang and Zhou dynasties as the queens, and married a complete set of political and educational designs, so that “Year” could be learned from Hanzhi. However, the Han Dynasty was also used to regulate the Xia teachings, but it was impossible to eliminate the fate of the Tao and the collapse of the Tao. After the remarks of the book and the “Baihu Tong”, until the end of Han, He Xiu’s “Year” three sects emphasized the meaning of the political and religious connotations of the three righteousnesses, and emphasized the meaning of “Year” and understood the meaning of the Three Kings, and also focused the literary theory in the system of the three generations of the three generations, so that the “Year” has both the legal and the literal quality, without the disadvantages of losing the Tao, which is a master of the Han Dynasty. Since then, the three-state theory in the field of modern literature in the Han Dynasty has become more mature and its impact can be profound.
Abstract: Dong Zhongshu; Three Symbols; Literature; “Year”; He Xiu
The Three Symbols emphasize the evolving orders of the previous sage kings, abiding by the three symbols of black, white and red, and marry the corresponding political and educational symbols to meet the destiny of heaven. This was created by Dong Zhongshu, a Han Confucian scholar, and became a unique set of historical philosophy. 1. He Xiu, the Gongyang family, was changed and changed. The three sects of Gongyang School said that the trend is detailed and perfect, and the influence can be profound and far-reaching.
1. The recommendation of the three congresses of Dong Zhongshu
“Han Shu·Five Elements Records” reads “In the era of Jingwu, Dong Zhongshu began to promote Yinyang, and became the Confucian scholar.” Combining “Year” with “Yinyang” can be regarded as the location of Dong Zhongshu’s thinking. Dong Zhongshu faced the problem of Hanshi’s political power in compliance with the laws and the permanence of governance. He believed that “seeking the end of domineering” was based on the original “Year” and “Reform” of “Year” 3. On the one hand, he revealed the permanent ways of politics and religion of the previous kings, and on the other hand, he pointed out the specific measures of Han’s rule. In the end, he mobilized Emperor Wu of Han, so that he decided to use Confucianism to further transform Han’s rule and realize the transformation of Confucianism into an official transformation. The important connection between the way of heaven and politics and religion is based on the “response of heaven and man”, and the three sects and the three sects are the key theories that connect the political and religion of the previous kings and the Han Dynasty. This is described below.
First, Dong Zhongshu divided the political and religious circles of the previous kings into two forms: “Continuing the world” and “Continuing the world”. The “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man” says:
The Tao will destroy all the evils in the world, and the evils will be lost to the Tao. The ways of the previous kings must have a bias but not arise, so the politics is indiscriminate but not impossible. Those who take the bias will be punished to compensate for their shortcomings. The differences between the three kings’ ways are not the opposite, and they will save the overflow and the decline, and the changes they have suffered. Therefore, Confucius said: “Those who have lost their destruction and control their destruction will beShun!” The truth is correct, and the color of the clothes is changed to smooth the destiny of heaven. How can the rest be better if you follow the Tao? Therefore, the king has the name of reform and the truth of the Tao. However, Xia Shangzhong is loyal, Yin Shangguan is respectful, and Zhou Shangguan is the author of the rescue. Confucius said: “The Yin is the benefit of the Xia Shangguan, and the Zhou Shangguan is the benefit of the benefit of the Zhou Shangguan; the Zhou is the benefit of the Zhou family; the Zhou family can be seen for hundreds of generations. “This is to say the use of the hundred kings, and these three are used. Xia is due to Yu, but he does not say what he wants to benefit. The way is the same as the same as the above. The Tao is the Great OriginBaoqing.com pptFrom the sky, the sky does not change, and the Tao does not change. Therefore, Yu Shun and Shun, the three saints accept each other and guard one way, which is the policy of saving the evil, so they do not mention what they have to do. Therefore, they are not good at it. Therefore, they are the way of governing the world. Similarly, the way of the world changes. After the Han Dynasty is in great trouble, it is better to slap Zhou’s writings and use the loyalty of Xia. 4
Yu was the time of the Holy King in the era of Yu to govern the world, and to govern the world, and to maintain the Tao. The way has not been lost, and the politics is also indiscriminate. Since Yu surrendered to the Three Kings in the era of the Three Kings, the Tao has had its own disadvantages, so the world has its own disadvantages. There are often things that can be dispelled from the Tao and the politicians. The king who started should do more to save the Tao. However, if he dominates himself, “there is no harm in all worlds”, the later kings have saved the corruption because of the tragedy.
Secondly, whether it is “continuing the world” or “continuing the world”, the king first gave the order, and was symbolically correct and carried out. A male actor of similar age. The other three are middle-aged men. The style of the singularity is changed to understand that he was given the order to heaven, so the change of the truth is actually the norm, and it is the end of the mind. Their goals are two: one is to “show the will of heaven” 5, and the other is to “revolutionize the people” 6. “The Year of the Year of the Three Dynasties Reformed Quality Text” is published: “The Year of the Year” says: ‘The King of the First Month. ’The “Ji” says: ‘Who is the king? It is King Wen. Why do you talk about the king first and then the first month? The king is the first month. ’Why is the king who is the first month of the year? It is said: The king must give his orders before the king. The king must make upright, change clothes and make gifts, and be united in the whole country. Therefore, the surname change is not a person, and he is generally accepted by himself by heaven. ”7 It can be seen that Dong Zhongshu’s comments were based on “Years”. “Years” were written every month in the third month of Zhouchun (i.e. Jianzi, Jianchou, and Jianyin), which represents the correct and upright kings of Xia, Shang and Zhou. This is what is called “Three Rights” and not only reflects the political and religious meanings of the original deity, but also traces its origins and originates from the way of heaven.
Again, although the rule of governance and the world of the world are comprehensive, it is analyzed in detail that Yu is the rule of governance, and its rule of governance is to inherit the destiny of heaven, and its rule of governance is to inherit the destiny of heaven, and its rule of governance is to emphasize symbolic meaning; after the three kings have been demoted to the world of chaos, their rule of governance is to be There are biases, so the three religions and cultural qualities were generated, which made the three righteous evolution not only have symbolic meanings such as “changing the people’s atmosphere” and “displaying the will of heaven”, but also has the meaning of change in quality. The three disciplines of black, white and red are combined with the three religions of loyalty, respect and literature, so that each discipline is matched with the political and religious system to save the fall of the previous generations and start over. From this point of view, the three constitutions of Dong Zhongshu can actually have the meaning of symbolic meaning and practical meaning. 8
Demand points out that Dong Zhongshu wrote in “The Years and the Reformed Texts of the Three Dynasties”According to the three quarrels of Chi, it pointed out that this was the death of the whole country, and then the three sects of “Year” were Shen: the Xia was dismissed from the upper part, and the Zhou was preserved from the lower part, and the new king was appointed as the new king with “Year”. It emphasizes that “Year” will be the new king when it continues to be the new king, and there is also a complete set of political and educational designs to match it. The focus is to respond to the confu
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